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ICSE-X-Geography

12: Waste Management Class 10 Geography

with Solutions - page 3

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  • Qstn #10
    Can earthworms help in the composting process?
    Ans : Earthworms are actually a good sign of healthy soil. Vermi-composting, which is the use of earthworms in composting, is very important in the composting process. In fact, earthworms can greatly speed up the composting process and the castings, earthworm poop, is high in nitrogen. Also, one pound of earthworms can devour up to 6 pounds of food waste a week.
  • Qstn #11
    Is an incinerator good for the environment?
    Ans : Incinerators can be good for the environment simply because they greatly reduce the volume of materials that go to the landfills. In some cases, incinerators are permitted to bum hazardous wastes which would otherwise be buried in the ground in a hazardous waste landfill.
  • Qstn #12
    What are some items at your home that can be recycled?
    Ans : There are many items in your home that can often be recycled in your community. These items include aluminium and steel cans, newspapers, corrugated boxes, telephone books, plastic and glass bottles, used motor oil, large appliances, rechargeable batteries, automotive batteries and tires, clothing and yard and food waste.
  • Qstn #13
    What does the recycling symbol with the three arrows represent?
    Ans : The recycling symbol with the three arrows represents the three steps in the recycling process,
    1. Collection and processing of recyclable materials,
    2. Manufacturing of those materials into new products, and
    3. Products Sold to consumers which then starts the process over again.
  • Qstn #14
    What are the three R’s of waste management?
    Ans : In the modem industrial world, the waste has become an environmental and public health hazard. Waste can be effectively managed by using the following three strategies:
    • Reducing the waste
    • Reusing the waste and
    • Recycling the waste.
  • Qstn #15
    Why are recycled plastic bags considered harmful for the environment?
    Ans : Plastics are recycled by plastic manufacturers. Plastic is non-biodegradable. The bonds of carbon in plastic are impossible to break down through a physical or chemical process. They have to be incinerated, recycled or buried in landfills. The plastic bags which are extensively used in India are made from recycled plastic. The recycled plastic bags are harmful because the melting of plastic and plastic products breaks some polymer chains into smaller units which are harmful.
  • Qstn #16
    Is source reduction good for the environment?
    Ans : Source reduction is definitely good for the environment. It is actually a better alternative than recycling, incineration and land filling. In the case of source reduction, if you don’t produce the waste in the first place then there is nothing to recycle, incinerate or landfill Source reduction means fewer resources are used in the production of a product.
  • Qstn #17
    Explains the role of an individual in maintaining environmental standards.
    Ans : The role of every individual in environmental protection is of great importance because if every individual contributes substantially, the effect will be visible not only at the community, city or national level but also at the global level. Each individual should change his or her life style in such a way as to reduce environmental pollution. It can be done by following ways:
    1. Use carry bags made of paper or cloth instead of polythene.
    2. Use eco-friendly products.
    3. Use CFC free refrigerators.
    4. Use organic manure instead of commercial inorganic fertilizers.
    5. Plant more trees, as trees can absorb many toxic gases and can purify the air by releasing oxygen.
  • #
    Section : C
    Long Questions
  • Qstn #1
    How is soil pollution caused?
    Ans : Soil pollution usually results from the disposal of solid and semi-solid wastes in agricultural practices, industrial processes and insanitary habits.
    Some Major Causes of soil pollution:
    • Industrial waste: Industrial wastes are mainly discharged from coal and mineral mining, metal processing and engineering industries.
    • Agricultural practices: Though fertilizers are used to increase the fertility of soil, they often contaminate the soil with impurities present in them. When the fertilizers are contaminated with other synthetic organic chemicals, the soil water gets polluted.
  • Qstn #2
    Defines the effect of waste accumulation on human health.
    Ans : Several incidents around the world have demonstrated the potential harm of accumulation of waste to human health. Some materials are as follows which harm people every day:
    Lead: affects blood system, behavioural disorders and can also cause death. Cadmium: cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, kidney damage Mercury: Nerve and brain damage, kidney damage.
  • Qstn #3
    Explain the effect of accumulation of solid waste on aquatic and terrestrial life.
    Ans :
    1. Ammonia seems to be an internal poison to fish as it gets into the body through the gills.
    2. Bio-accumulation in sea-birds and marine mammals has been linked to reduced breeding success.
    3. In aquatic ecosystems, cadmium can bio-accumulate in mussels, oysters, lobsters and fish.
    4. Air contaminated with ozone has irritant qualities and is responsible for pulmonary changes, edema and hemorrhage in dogs, cats and rabbits.
    5. Oil is reported to coat the gills of fish which affects their respiration.
  • Qstn #4
    What is incineration? Give advantage and disadvantage of incineration.
    Ans : Incineration is the process of destroying waste materials by burning. Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by individuals, and so on a large scale industries.
    Advantages of incineration:
    1. It is a useful technology to deal with large quantities of organic hazardous wastes that have high calorific value and cannot be dealt with by other methods.
    2. Incineration kills pathogenic organisms and reduces the volume of the waste up to 50 percent.

    Disadvantages of incineration:
    1. Incineration equipment has high maintenance requirements.
    2. Incineration consumes significant amount of energy to achieve high temperature.
  • Qstn #5
    Explain the role of government in waste management.
    Ans : The government is hot just the protector of the country’s environment but also has a major responsibility for sustaining environmental conscience. The government’s environmental policy focusses on the following areas:
    1. The check degradation of land and water through wasteland management and restorations of river water quality programmes.
    2. To monitor development through environmental impact assessment studies of major project proposals; and
    3. To make laws and acts for environment protection and to initiate penal measures against those who violate these laws.
  • Qstn #6
    Explain the stages involved in secondary treatment of water.
    Ans : Water treated by primary treatment is not fit for drinking. Therefore, it undergoes the process of secondary treatment. Secondary treatment has the following two steps:
    1. Softening: The hard water has actions of calcium and magnesium. To soften water lime and soda ashore-added to the water to precipitate calcium and magnesium ions as carbonates. The precipitate is then filtered out. The water so treated goes through porous actions exchanger in which water becomes action free.
    2. Aeration: In order to make the water fit for drinking some amount of oxygen is forced into it. Aeration of water is carried out by forcing air through water in the form of air bubbles. This process adds oxygen and other gases and reduces the content of carbon gases and reduces the content of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in the water.
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