ICSE-X-HistCivics
Previous Year Paper year:2012
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- Qstn #5:
The High Court is the apex of the judiciary in the state. In this context, answer the following questions:
- #5-a [3]State the composition of the High Court. State the qualifications required to become a High Court Judge.Ans : Each high court consist of a Chief Justice and such other judges as the President of India may appoint from time to time. Beside the President has the power to appoint:
- Additional Judges for a temporary period not exceeding two years for clearance of arrears of work in a high court.
- An acting Judge is appointed when a permanent Judge is temporarily absent or unable to attend his office.
The qualifications required to become a Judge in the High Court are :
- He should be a citizen of India.
- Has held a judicial office in the territory of India for at least 10 years. or Has been an advocate of a high court for at least 10 years.
- #5-b [2]Why is the High Court also known as a Court of Record ?Ans : Because :
- Its judgements and orders are preserved as record.
- If a person commits a contempt of High Court, the court has the authority to punish him.
- #5-cAns :
(i) Lok Adalat means The People Court. These courts were set up to provide legal aid and quick justice to those who are not in a position to engage lawyers or bear the expenses of the legal proceeding. This eliminated high costs and delay in imparting Justice.
(ii) Advantages of Lok Adalat are:
- A Lok Adalat delivers speedy and inexpensive Justice.
- Different Lok Adalats have relieved the lower courts of much of their heavy load of work.
- The decision passed by a Lok Adalat are final and binding on the parties. No appeal before any court against its decision.
- #5-c-i [2]What is the meaning of Lock Adalat ?
- #5-c-ii [3]State any three advantages of the Lok Adalat.
- Qstn #6:
With reference to Nationalism and the birth of the Indian National Congress, explain each of the following :
- #6-a [3]Vernacular Press Act, 1878.Ans : The Vernacular Press Act, 1878 was passed by Lord Lytton. The Act, which was not applicable to the English newspapers, forbade the Vernacular Papers to publish anything that might excite feelings of dissatisfaction against the government. In 1882, this Act was repealed by Lord Ripon.
- #6-b [3]Role of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in the formation of the Muslim League.Ans : Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was a loyal supporter of the British Empire and asked the Muslims to keep away from the Indian National Congress. He regarded the Congress as an unnecessary organisation and considered it harmful for the interests of the Muslims. He thought that the Congress was dominated by the Hindus, and Muslims had no place in it. He felt that the Muslims can protect their economic and political interests through exposure to western education and English language. In fact all the influential Government posts and business opportunities were linked with Western Education. Therefore he asked the Muslims to show loyalty to the British who would take care of Muslim interests. He founded Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh to popularize scientific and western learning among the Muslims. This college became the nucleus of a Movement popularly known as the Aligarh Movement. Thus Sir Syed Ahmed played a key role in the formation of Muslim League to nurture the political, social, economic and other interests of the Muslims.
- #6-c [4]State any four immediate objectives of the Indian National Congress.Ans : The objectives of the Indian National Congress were as follows:
- To promote close relations among the Nationalist workers of the country.
- To develop and consolidate the feelings of unity among the people without any consideration of caste, religion or region.
- To spell out popular demands of the people and present them before the government.
- To train and organize public opinion of Indians on various important issues.
- Qstn #7:
One of Lord Curzon's administrative measures that resulted in a strong resentment from the masses was the Partition of Bengal in 1905. In this context, answer the fouowing questions:
- #7-a [4]What was Lord Curzon's argument in favour of the Partition of Bengal ? How did the nationalists interpret Lord Curzon's motives ?Ans : Lord Curzon's Argument: The area of Bengal was too large and it was difficult for the British to administer efficiently. Hence according to Lord Curzon, Partition of Bengal was a administrative necessity.
Nationalists Interpretation : The nationalist thought that this was done in order to break or divide the Hindu-Muslim Unity, To stop the tide of Nationalism, to curb Bengali influence by not only placing Bengalies under the administration but by reducing them to a minority in Bengal.
- #7-b [3]How did the people react to the Partition of Bengal ?Ans : The people had come to know about the British Government's move to divide the Bengal province. So they had started protesting against the proposals. As many as 70,000 petitions were submitted to the government for stopping the partition. A large number of protest meetings were held in different towns of Bengal. The formal proclamation of Swadeshi Movement was made on 7 August 1905.
People on the day of partition (16 Oct., 1905) marched through the streets of Calcutta shouting slogans of “Bande Mataram". They tied rakhis to each other's hands to show their bonds of love and unity. People showed their anger by boycotting foreign goods. They observed fasts and pledged support to the Nationalists for forcing the Government to cancel partition.
- #7-c [3]What was the impact of the Swadeshi Movement on Indian Industries ?Ans : The Swadeshi movement gave a great stimulus to the Indian industries, particularly the weaving industries. Textiles mills, match and soap factories came up quickly all over the country. The leather and tanning industry also made a significant advance. Swadeshi movement led to the establishment of first steel company of India 'Tata Steel' in Bihar in 1911.
- Qstn #8:
Gandhiji introduced new ideas in politics and adopted new methods to give a new direction to the political movement. In this context, answer the following questions: