Previous Year Paper year:2012 : ICSE-X-HistCivics

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ICSE-X-HistCivics

Previous Year Paper year:2012

with Solutions - page 4

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#8-a [3]
Gandhiji doctrine of Satyagraha.
Ans : Satyagraha: The doctrine of Satyagraha was developed by Gandhiji during his stay in South Africa and the racial discrimination suffered by him and other Asians and Blacks. The term Satyagraha means to fight against the social and political injustice through truth, non-violence and love. The principle of Satyagraha is based on self-control, self-suffering and non-violence to win over the hatred and violence of the wrongdoer.
The Satyagraha aims at reforming a wrongdoer by appealing to his conscience and reason. It believes in capacity to bear suffering without showing any retaliation to the wrongdoer. In developing the principle of Satyagraha Gandhiji was greatly influenced by Hindu and Christian scriptures and devotional poetry of Gujarati poet Narsimh Mehta and teachings of Russian writer Leo Tolstoy.

#8-b [3]
Gandhiji's Social Ideals.
Ans : Gandhiji's whole philosophy was based on non-violence. According to Gandhiji, it is the weapon of strong, mighty and powerful individuals. He was of the opinion that neither an individual nor a country could gain anything by using violent methods. He launched many movements for gaining freedom but none of them was violent. During the non-cooperation movement, he suspended the movement when it was as its zenith just because of Chauri Chaura incident in which 22 policemen were burnt alive.

#8-c [4]
Which mass struggle was launched by him on non-violent lines in 1920 ? Explain in brief the programmes of such a campaign.
Ans :
Gandhiji realised the importance and power of the organised masses. He was of the opinion that a few leaders or individuals would not be able to win freedom. It is the power of the masses which will force the Britishers to leave the country. In 1920, he launched Non-Co-operation Movement, in which workers, women, students, farmers all participated.
Non-Cooperation Movement has two kinds of programme i.e. negative and positive.
Negative aspects includes :

The boycott of legislative Councils.

The boycott of the law-courts by the lawyers.

The boycott of government schools & colleges.

The boycott of British goods.

Positive aspects includes :

Hindu Muslim Unity.

Removal of Untouchability.

Promotion of Swadeshi products.

Prohibition of Intoxicating drinks.

Qstn #9
:
Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow :

#9-a [4]
Identify the organization associated with the above emblem. Mention any three principles of this organization.
Ans :
The United Nation Organization (UNO).
The Principals of the organization are as follows :

To save succeeding generations from the “Scourge of War'.

To maintain international peace and security and to take effective measures for removal of threats to the peace.

To promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.

#9-b [3]
Where is the headquarters of this organization located ? Who can become its member ?
Ans :
(i) New York City, USA.
(ii) All peace loving states which accept the obligations contained in the U.N. Charter can become the member of UNO. Admissions are made by the General Assembly on the recommendation of security council.

#9-c [3]
Name the principal judicial organ of this organization and explain its composition.
Ans :
International court of justice is the principal judicial organ of UNO.
Its Composition :

It is composed of 15 judges elected for a 9 year term.

The judges are elected by both security council and General Assembly by a majority vote.

To maintain the continuity, one-third of the court i.e. five judges, are elected every three years.

The court elects its President and Vice-President for three years. It also has power to appoint its Registrar.

Qstn #10
:
With reference to the Cold War and the Non-Aligned Movement, answer the following questions :

#10-a [3]
Explain Truman's Doctrine.
Ans : Answer has not given due to out of present syllabus.

#10-b [3]
State any three consequences of the Cold War.
Ans :
Three Consequences of the Cold War:

Formation of Military Alliances: The cold war led to the formation of various alliances—NATO, (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), SEATO (South East Asia Treaty Organization), CENTO (Central Treaty Organization), Warsaw Pact etc.

Arms race and Militarization: The cold war set in motion a mad race for armaments. Both the blocs spent huge sums on arms and amassed deadly weapons.

Rapid Decolonization: An impact of East-West rivarly was rapid decolonization of many countries. The Eastern Bloc attacked Western powers for not liberating their colonies. It also rendered military and Moral support to wars of national liberation.

#10-c [4]
Mention four major objectives of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Ans :
Objectives of NAM:

To preserve the freedom of the new nations from colonial and alien dominations.

To protect human rights and to protect the environment.

To eliminate all causes leading to war and in particular to eliminate nuclear weapons.

To promote freedom to pursue a free domestic and foreign policy.

To settle international disputes in a peaceful manner.

To promote equality among individuals as well as among nations and to condemn all forms of discrimination especially the racial discrimination.

To ensure a safer and peaceful world and to afford new opportunities in the development of one's own country without endangering world peace. .

To help the United Nations to be strong and effective.

To save the new nations from falling by preying to the supremacy of the Super Powers.

To establish a just economic order in order to bridge the gulf between the poor and the rich. (any four)