12: Waste Management Class 10 Geography : Icse-x-geography

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Qstn #16
What do you mean by a scrubber?
Ans : Scrubbers are often used in waste disposal system. Scrubbers along with condenses and traps are used to contain and collect waste solvents, toxic vapours or dust.

Qstn #17
What is recycling?
Ans : Recycling is the process of collecting, separating, processing, and selling recyclable materials so they can be turned into new products. Simply put, recycling is taking something old and worn- out and turning it into something new.

Qstn #18
What do you mean by reuse?
Ans : ‘Reuse’ of materials in their original form is practiced instead of throwing them away, or passing those materials on to others who could use them too!

Qstn #19
What is ‘Source reduction’?
Ans : “Source reduction” is reducing waste before purchasing or by purchasing products which are not wasteful in their packaging or use.

Qstn #20
State the main objective of the treatment of gaseous waste.
Ans : The objectives of the treatment of gaseous waste is to drain the harmful particles and allow clean air to escape through chimneys.

Qstn #1
What is pollution? Define.
Ans : Pollution may be described as the unfavourable alteration of our surroundings which occurs mainly because of human activities. Pollution created by waste accumulation is mainly of three types - air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution.

Qstn #2
What do you mean by spoilage of landscape?
Ans : Spoilage of landscape is directly related to improper disposal o f wastes. The waste accumulation not only ruins the natural beauty of the land but also provide a home to rats and other disease carrying organisms. Sources of these wastes may be paper mills, fertilizers manufacturing units, and mines etc.

Qstn #3
What is eutrophication?
Ans : It is the process of depletion of oxygen from water bodies occurring either naturally or due to . human activities. The process of eutrophication takes place due to introduction of nutrients and chemicals through discharge of domestic sewage, industrial effluents and fertilizers from agricultural field. Algae and phytoplankton use carbon dioxide, inorganic nitrogen and phosphate from the water as food. This cause death of most of the aquatic organisms, draining water of all its oxygen.

Qstn #4
What is biomagnifications? What can be its effects on human beings?
Ans : An important process by which chemicals can affect living organisms is bio magnification. Many pesticides, such as DDT, aldrin and dihedron have a long lifetime in the environment. They get incorporated into the food chain and ultimately reach all the tissues of plants and animals. They get modified into higher trophic levels. Bio accumulation or biological magnification can also be seen in the case of heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium, etc.

Qstn #5
What is municipal waste?
Ans : Municipal waste is the waste generated in a municipality or a local government area. Such waste is produced by shops, offices, restaurants, schools, hospitals; etc. and is collected from public waste bins.

Qstn #6
What is waste disposal?
Ans : Waste disposal is the management of waste to prevent harm to the environment, injury or long term progressive damage to health. Disposal of waste is where the intention is to permanently store, the waste for the duration of its biological and chemical activity, such that it is rendered harmless.

Qstn #7
Defines electrostatic precipitators.
Ans : Electrostatic precipitators have been the air pollution control technology of choice for power generation and industrial processes throughout the world. ESPs are highly efficient dust collectors with proven collection efficiencies of up to 99.99% with guaranteed outlet emissions with minimal pressure loss. In an electrostatic precipitator, particles suspended in the air stream are given an electric charge as they enter the unit and are then removed by the influence of an electric field.

Qstn #8
How does an incinerator work?
Ans : Waste material is brought to the incinerator facility where it is loaded into one of several burn chambers. The waste is burned for several hours until it is reduced to ashes and molten metal. The remaining ash is then transported to a landfill for final disposal.

Qstn #9
How can an incinerator help reduces pollution?
Ans : Incinerators are permitted to emit certain air pollutants within a range that is not harmful to human health and the environment. The incinerator must be designed with appropriate pollution control equipment that removes small particles from the emissions prior to the discharge into the atmosphere. In burning the waste, an incinerator reduces the volume of waste material going to the landfill by 80 to 90%.