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NEET-XI-Biology

22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

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    22 - Chemical Coordination and Integration
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    Section : I
    Page No 341:
  • #1-a
    Exocrine gland
    Ans : Exocrine glands: Glands that discharge secretions into ducts are known as exocrine glands. Sebaceous gland in the skin, salivary gland in the buccal cavity, etc. are examples of exocrine glands.
  • #1-b
    Endocrine gland
    Ans : Endocrine glands: Glands that do not discharge their secretions into ducts are known as endocrine glands. Instead, these glands discharge their secretions directly into the blood. Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, etc. are examples of endocrine glands.
  • #1-c
    Hormone
    Ans : Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate physiological processes in living organisms. They act upon specific cells/tissues/organs which are called target cells/tissues/organs.
  • Qstn #2
    Diagrammatically indicate the location of the various endocrine glands in our body.
    Ans : The location of various endocrine glands in the human body can be illustrated as follows:


  • Qstn #3
    List the hormones secreted by the following:
  • #3-a
    Hypothalamus
    Ans : Hypothalamus: Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus include:

    (1) Releasing hormones: These hormones stimulate the secretions of the pituitary hormone. Examples of these hormones are:

    (i) Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone

    (ii) Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone

    (iii) Somatotropin-releasing hormone

    (iv) Adrenocorticotrophin-releasing hormone

    (2) Inhibiting hormones: These hormones inhibit the secretions of the pituitary hormone. Examples of these hormones are:

    (i) Somatostatin

    (ii) Growth-inhibiting hormone

    (iii) Melanocyte-inhibiting hormone
  • #3-b
    Pituitary
    Ans : Pituitary: The pituitary gland has two components i.e., adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.

    Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis are:

    (i) Growth hormone (GH)

    (ii) Prolactin

    (iii) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

    (iv) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

    (v) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

    (vi) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

    (vii) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

    Hormones secreted by the neurohypophysis are:

    (i) Oxytocin

    (ii) Vasopressin
  • #3-c
    Thyroid
    Ans : Thyroid: The thyroid gland secretes three hormones namely, thyroxin, triiodothyronin, and calcitonin.
  • #3-d
    Parathyroid
    Ans : Parathyroid: The parathyroid gland secretes a hormone known as the parathyroid hormone.
  • #3-e
    Adrenal
    Ans : Adrenal: The adrenal gland is divided into two parts, the outer adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla.

    Hormones of adrenal cortex include the following:

    (i) Mineralocorticoids: The hormone secreted is known as aldosterone.

    (ii) Glucocorticoids: The hormone secreted is cortisol.

    Hormones of adrenal medulla are adrenaline and nor-adrenalin.
  • #3-f
    Pancreas
    Ans : Pancreas: Hormones secreted by the pancreas are insulin and glucagon.
  • #3-g
    Testis
    Ans : Testis: The hormone secreted by the testis is testosterone.
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