Under what circumstances Indian Independence League was formed?Answer
During the Second World War, Britain began to face defeat. Britain's defeats roused great hopes among Indian soldiers who were earlier prisoners of war. They were ready to take action, which led to the formation of the Indian Independence League. The organiser of the League was Rash Behari Bose, an old revolutionary who fled to Japan in 1915.

What were the three decisions taken at the Tokyo Conference?Answer
Tokyo Conference was held from 28th March to March 31, 1942. It was attended by about more than 120 delegates from Burma, Malaya, Thailand, Indo-China, Japan, China etc. The Tokyo Conference passed a resolution to form an 'Indian National Army'. At the Tokyo Conference (28 March, 1942), the following decisions were taken: (i) To expand and strengthen the Indian Independence League. (ii) To form under the overall command of the League an Indian National Army (INA) i.e., an army for the liberation of India; and (iii) To hold a Conference at Bangkok to consolidate these decisions.

Mention the people who fought the cases on behalf of the NA officers.Answer
The INA officers' trial began in Red Fort. Their trial evoked lot of sympathy across the country. The congress took up their causes. Jawaharlal Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai and Tej Bahadur Sapru fought the case on behalf of the INA officers.

Under what circumstances Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the Congress?Answer
Subhash Chandra Bose became the Congress President in 1938, showing the influence of the Leftist and Socialist wing in the Congress. He was re-elected the very next year i.e., in 1839 by defeating Gandhi's candidate, Pattabhi Sitarmayya. Gandhiji felt that the defeat was his, rather than that of Pattabhi. On the question of the formation of the Congress Working Committee, there arose a sharp rift between Gandhiji and Bose. While Bose wanted freedom to choose his own Working Committee, Gandhiji disapproved it because he foresaw a danger of Bose using all means, including violence, in the struggle of independence. The deadlock between the two could not be resolved in spite of the efforts by Nehru and Jayaprakash Narayan. As a result, Bose was left alone, as no one would come forward to join his Working Committee in the face of Gandhiji's displeasure. So, being rendered helpless, Subhas Chandra Bose resigned from the Congress Presidentship on April 29, 1939, yielding the position to Gandhian Candidate Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the next President.

Under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose the Indian National Army launched a frontal attack on the British ports. In this context briefly describe the life of Subhash Chandra Bose. Answer
Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 237c1 January, 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. After completing his early education, he joined the famous Presidency College at Calcutta. He went to England for higher studies and passed the Indian Civil Service Examination in 1920. He got attracted towards the freedom movement of the country and resigned from the ICS in the following year. He joined the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhiji and was imprisoned for six months in December 1921. He bitterly criticized Gandhiji when he withdrew the movement in 1922. He also participated in Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930. He was a strong supporter of socialist ideas. He became the President of Congress with the support of younger elements in the Congress. His differences with Gandhiji reached their height in 1939. Inspite of Gandhiji's opposition, he was again elected the President of the Congress in 1939. But he resigned from this post and founded the Forward Bloc in 1939 to carry on the freedom struggle while remaining within the Congress.

Explain Subhash Chandra Bose's fundamental differences with Gandhiji.Answer

• Subhash Chandra Bose was against Gandhian policies and programme. He had little belief in the constitutional means and peaceful methods for the attainment of freedom. He was a veritable revolutionary and favoured armed struggle to oust and end the British imperialism. He was ready to seek foreign assistance to achieve his goals. He believed in employing tact and diplomacy while dealing with his opponents. He said that-"Gandhiji's logic cannot convince the British rulers. He has failed as he always keeps his cards open."
• He was in favour of socialism and formed the 'Forward Block' to establish a socialist society in India after independence. This was against the policies of Mahatma Gandhi.
• Bose advocated that the political instability of war-time Britain should be taken advantage of rather than simply waiting for the British to grant independence after the end of the war. Gandhiji and Nehru wanted to adopt a compromising attitude and opposed the national struggle during the war.
• In 1939, Bose launched the National Planning Committee for drawing up a comprehensive plan for industrialisation. However, Gandhiji was opposed to it. He favoured small scale industries to make the villages self-sufficient.
• The leaders of the movement and the people of the Princely States expected sympathy and cooperation. Bose wanted Congress to help the people in their struggle for freedom whereas Gandhiji was opposed to any intervention.

Summarise the contribution of Subhash Chandra Bose to the National Movement.OR
Why was Forward Bloc formed?

Subhash Chandra Bose laid the foundation of a radical and progressive party within the Congress in 1939. In this context answer the following:

Under what circumstances he resigned from the Presidentship of Congress.

What led to the formation of the new party?

Name the new party which he formed.

Mention the ideals of the new Party.

In context of INA explain:

Formation of INA.