ICSE-X-History
10: Forward Block and the I.N.A.
- #5In context of INA explain: (a) Formation of INA. (b) Victories of INA. (c) Fate of INA. (d) Impact of INA.Ans : (a) Formation of INA:
- The idea of the Indian National Army (INA) was conceived in Malaya by Mohan Singh, an Indian officer in the British Indian Army.
- Indian Prisoners of War (POW's) were handed over by the Japanese to Mohan Singh who inducted them into the INA.
- The fall of Singapore was crucial, for this brought 45,000 Indian POW's into Mohan Singh's sphere of influence. By the end of 1942, more than forty thousand men expressed their willingness to join the INA.
- The INA was a revolutionary army engaged in the global war. It was an army organised on foreign soil dependent on foreign powers for planes, tanks, artillery, rifles, ammunition and even lorries for the transport of soldiers to the front.
- The INA made preparations to launch its fight for the liberation of India and went into action in February 1944.
- INA captured Mowdok, an outpost situated south-east of Chittagong and advanced up to the frontier of India. They captured the strong military post of Klang Klang.
- The INA gave a tough fight to the British forces in the Assam hills and succeeded in capturing Ukhral and Kohhima.
- They raised the Tricolour Flag for the first time on the liberated Indian soil on March 19, 1944.
The INA's victories were short-lived. They were three kilometres from Imphal when the Japanese forces had to withdraw from the Indo-Burma border because of their entanglement with the Americans in the Pacific Ocean. At the same time the rainy season set in. Rangoon was recaptured by the British early in May 1945. INA men were disarmed and made prisoners of war. The surrender of Japan in the Second World War on August 15, sealed the fate of the INA also. (d) Impact of INA:
- • The INA inspired uprisings in the armed forces of the country. The Indian Naval ratings in Mumbai rose in revolt in February 1946.• Similar uprisings took place at Kolkata, Chennai and Karachi. These naval revolts shook the foundation of the British Empire.
- • The Government decided to put on trial in the Red Fort at Delhi, officers of the INA-Shah Nawaz Khan, Gurdial Singh Dhillon and Prem Sehgal who had earlier been officers in the British Indian Army.• Even though the court-martial held the INA prisoners guilty, the Government had to set them free.
- • The INA set an inspiring example of patriotism. The heroic deeds and sacrifices of the soldiers of INA led to political consciousness among the Indian forces.• The British now realised that they could not rely on the Indian forces to continue their rule in India.
- #5-aFormation of INA.Ans : Formation of INA:
- The idea of the Indian National Army (INA) was conceived in Malaya by Mohan Singh, an Indian officer in the British Indian Army.
- Indian Prisoners of War (POW's) were handed over by the Japanese to Mohan Singh who inducted them into the INA.
- The fall of Singapore was crucial, for this brought 45,000 Indian POW's into Mohan Singh's sphere of influence. By the end of 1942, more than forty thousand men expressed their willingness to join the INA.
- The INA was a revolutionary army engaged in the global war. It was an army organised on foreign soil dependent on foreign powers for planes, tanks, artillery, rifles, ammunition and even lorries for the transport of soldiers to the front.
- #5-bVictories of INA.Ans : Victories of INA:
- The INA made preparations to launch its fight for the liberation of India and went into action in February 1944.
- INA captured Mowdok, an outpost situated south-east of Chittagong and advanced up to the frontier of India. They captured the strong military post of Klang Klang.
- The INA gave a tough fight to the British forces in the Assam hills and succeeded in capturing Ukhral and Kohhima.
- They raised the Tricolour Flag for the first time on the liberated Indian soil on March 19, 1944.
- #5-cFate of INA.Ans : Fate of INA:
The INA's victories were short-lived. They were three kilometres from Imphal when the Japanese forces had to withdraw from the Indo-Burma border because of their entanglement with the Americans in the Pacific Ocean. At the same time the rainy season set in. Rangoon was recaptured by the British early in May 1945. INA men were disarmed and made prisoners of war. The surrender of Japan in the Second World War on August 15, sealed the fate of the INA also.
- #5-dImpact of INA.Ans : Impact of INA:
- • The INA inspired uprisings in the armed forces of the country. The Indian Naval ratings in Mumbai rose in revolt in February 1946.• Similar uprisings took place at Kolkata, Chennai and Karachi. These naval revolts shook the foundation of the British Empire.
- • The Government decided to put on trial in the Red Fort at Delhi, officers of the INA-Shah Nawaz Khan, Gurdial Singh Dhillon and Prem Sehgal who had earlier been officers in the British Indian Army.• Even though the court-martial held the INA prisoners guilty, the Government had to set them free.
- • The INA set an inspiring example of patriotism. The heroic deeds and sacrifices of the soldiers of INA led to political consciousness among the Indian forces.• The British now realised that they could not rely on the Indian forces to continue their rule in India.