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ICSE-X-HistCivics

Previous Year Paper year:2016

with Solutions - page 3
 
  • Qstn #5
    :
    The Supreme Court has an extensive jurisdiction. In the light of this statement, answer the following questions:
  • #5-a [3]
    What are the qualifications of the judges of the Supreme Court ?
    Ans : Qualification of the Judges of the Supreme Court:

    1. He or she must be a citizen of India.

    2. He or she should have been, for at least ten years, an advocate of a High Court or of two or more such courts in succession.

    3. He or she should have worked as a Judge of a High Court continuously for at least five years.

    4. He or she should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President.

  • #5-b [3]
    (i) Explain the composition of the Supreme Court.
    Ans : (i) Composition: The Supreme Court of India consists of a Chief Justice of India and not more than twenty five other judges, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number. The chief justice of the supreme court with the prior consent of the President may appoint some judges to the supreme court on an adhoc (temporary) basis.
    (ii) Every judge of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice and such other Judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts as he may deem necessary for this purpose.
  • #5-b-ii
    How are the Judges of the Supreme Court appointed ?
  • #5-c [4]
    Explain the cases in which the Supreme Court enjoys Original Jurisdiction ?
    Ans : Original Jurisdiction: The Original Jurisdiction extends to those cases which Supreme Court has authority to hear and decide in the first instance. The Supreme Court in its original jurisdiction in following cases—

    1. Dispute between Govt, of India and/or more states.

    2. Dispute between two or more states.

    3. Dispute between Union and any state on one side and other states on the other.

    4. The Supreme Court entertains suits for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

    5. Original Jurisdiction extends to such cases in which interpretation of constitution is involved.


    SE CTION B
  • Qstn #6
    :
    Explain the Causes of the Great Revolt of 1857, with reference to the following:
  • #6-a [3]
    Any three Political Causes.
    Ans : Political Causes:

    1. The British policy of territorial annexations led to the displacement of a large number of rulers and chiefs. The vigorous application of the policies of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse angered the ruling sections of the society. Rani Lakshmi Bai and Nana Sahib became bitter enemies of the British and led to the revolt in their respective territories.

    2. The annexation of Awadh, on grounds of misgovernment, was greatly resented. The Nawabs of Awadh had always been loyal to the British. The annexation was widely seen as a blatant act of back-stabbing by the British. It deeply hurt the sentiments of the Company's sepoys because most of them came from Awadh.

    3. Moreover, even under the new regime, the people of Awadh got no relief from oppression. Peasants had to pay even higher revenue and additional taxes were imposed.

    4. The British provided no alternative source of employment to the people who lost their jobs due to the dissolution of the Nawab's administration. (any three)

  • #6-b [3]
    Any three Military Causes.
    Ans : Military Causes:

    1. Low salary and poor prospects of promotion.

    2. Disproportion between Indian and British troops.

    3. Social distance between officers and Indian soldiers.

    4. Loss of British prestige in Afghan War.

    5. General Service Enlistment Act by which Indians enlisted in British Army could be sent overseas. (any three)

  • #6-c [4]
    Any four Economic Causes.
    Ans : Economic Causes:

    1. The British Government restrictions on the import of Indian textiles besides imposing heavy import duties on such goods.

    2. India was forced to export raw materials like raw cotton and raw silk at cheaper rates that the British industries needed urgently; plantation products (like indigo, tea); and food grains which were in short supply in Britain.

    3. The British Company confiscated the jagirs of many landlords and taluqars.

    4. The British traders, after the conquest of Bengal, began to purchase raw material for their industries in England from the surplus revenues of Bengal causing drain of wealth from India to England.

  • Qstn #7
    :
    Through various National Movements, Gandhiji mobilised public support to win freedom for India. In this context, state the following:
  • #7-a [3]
    Any three causes for Gandhi to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement ?
    Ans : Reasons launching to the Non-cooperation Movement are:

    1. In 1918, those peasants who had been facing the effects of famine and drought resorted to Satyagraha to have their demands fulfilled. In 1918-1919 Ahmedabad mill workers strike also received Gandhi's support. These movements of local character brought Gandhi closer to the life of the people. He would now think of challenging the total authority of the Government.

    2. The Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919 to curb the growing nationalist upsurge in the country as this act gave enormous power to the police to search a place and arrest any person they disapproved of without warrant.

    3. During a protest meeting in Amritsar against Rowlatt Act, the military commander of Amritsar, General O'Dyer ordered firing on a peaceful and unarmed gathering in which 1200 people got killed and 300 got injured, which shocked Gandhiji and he decided to stop co-operation with the British Government at all levels.

  • #7-b [3]
    The name given to the uprising of 1942. Two reasons for launching this mass uprising.
    Ans : Quit India movement.
    Reasons:

    1. Failure of the Cripps Mission: The failure of the Cripps Mission left no meeting ground between the Congress and the government. It was clear from the proposals that the government was not willing to grant independence in the near future. The Indians were also not happy at the proposals of Cripps Mission because proposals contained within them provisions which could divide India into hundreds of independent provinces.

    2. The communal situation was worsening day-by-day. The Muslim League was demanding a separate state i.e., Pakistan, because all the leaders of the League proclaimed that Muslims could not expect any justice at the hands of the congress. This spoiled the communal situation.

  • #7-c [4]
    The impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement in India's freedom struggle.
    Ans : Impact of the Movement:

    1. The movement provided a base to the Congress Gandhi mobilised masses in this movement. All sections of society—peasants, workers, lawyers, students, moneyed classes, women and oppressed people participated in their struggle for freedom.

    2. The movement undermined the power and prestige of the British Government. It created an anti British feeling in the country.

    3. Repression failed to crush the spirit of the people. The movement made the people bold and patriotic.

    4. Gandhi was determined to emancipate the poor and the oppressed. Removal of untouchability and promotion of Khadi became essential tool in Gandhi's struggle against British rule. Message of Swadeshi was spread.

    5. Another positive achievement was that the movement set the scene of Hindu Muslim unity. Never before any movement received the willing support of Hindus and Muslims alike.

  • Qstn #8
    :
    The Partition of Bengal and the Formation of the Muslim League were two important events that had its impact on the National Struggle for Independence. In this context, explain the following:
  • #8-a [3]
    Impact of Swadeshi and Boycott movements as part of the Anti-Partition Movement.
    Ans : The impact of Swadeshi and Boycott movement:
    The anti partition movement gave a new impetus to the concepts of Swadeshi and Boycott.
    These movements began in 1905 as part of the agitation against the partition of Bengal, when the meeting and procession failed to create any tangible result. So these movements were started with a view to accelerate the pace of the freedom struggle. The main aim was to revive the popularity of the indigenous goods, to Boycott foreign goods, to promote Indian Industries and to provide employment to craftsmen. Swadeshi was a weapon forged by the people to achieve industrial and economic regeneration. The boycott movement had a comprehensive programme and included not only the exclusion of British good but also renunciation of titles and Government posts and the boycott of council and school. Swadeshi mean "of one's own country". It aimed at the promotion of indigenous industries for strengthening the nation. Boycott Movement meant abstaining from the purchase of "British Goods".
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