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03: Computer Software

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  • Qstn #14
    What do you mean by machine language?
    Ans : Machine language is the only language that is understood by the computers. It is a collection of binary digits (0 or 1) or bits that the computer reads and interprets.
  • #
    Section : B
    Short Answer Type Questions
  • Qstn #1
    Name the types of software with examples for each.
    Ans : There are two types of software, i.e. system software and application software. Language processors (interpreters, compilers and assemblers), operating systems etc., are the examples of system software. Whereas, payroll system, accounting software etc., are the examples of an application software.
  • Qstn #2
    Write a short note an BIOS.
    Ans : The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is commonly known as ; system BIOS. It is a boot firmware or a small program that controls various electronic devices attached to the main computer system. The initial function of the BIOS is to initialise system devices such as RAM, hard disk, CD/DVD drive, video display card and other hardwares. It sets the machine hardware into a known state that helps the operating system to configure the hardware components. This process is known as Booting Up the computer.
  • Qstn #3
    Which is more beneficial a compiler or an interpreter and why?
    Ans : Compiler is more bent fi cial than an interpreter for translating a high leve, language program into machine language program because compilation process of a compiler is nearly 5 to 25 times faster than interpreter.
  • Qstn #4
    What are the functions of an interpreter?
    Ans : Interpreter is very useful for debugging and suitable for novice programmer. This is a slow process and consumes less memory space.
    Some basic functions of an interpreter are as follows:
    Translates one instruction at a time.
    It checks the execution of the instructions line-by-line.
  • Qstn #5
    Distinguish between compiler and interpreters.
    Ans :
    Compiler Interpreter
    Compiler takes entire program as input. Interpreter takes single instruction as input.
    Intermediate object code is generated. No intermediate object code is generated.
    Conditional control statements execute faster. Conditional control statements execute slower.
    Memory requirement is more (since, object code is generated). Memory requirement is less.
    Errors are displayed after entire program is checked. Errors are displayed for every instruction interpreted.
    e.g. Compiler in C language. e.g. Interpreter in Basic language.
  • Qstn #6
    Explain any one utility software.
    Ans : It is a system software designed to help in management and tuning of operating systems, computer hardwares and different application softwares.
    A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or a tool. Utilities are those application programs that assist the computer by performing house-keeping functions like backing up disk or scanning/cleaning viruses.
    A utility program carries out some of the common tasks, while using a computer system. Utility software is also known as service program, service tool or utility routine. It differs from applications mostly in terms of size, complexity and function. Utility programs are bundled with operating systems. However, these programs are also available in a separate package and that’s why they are sometimes considered separate from system software.
    Utilities include Disk Compression, Backup, Virus Protection Utilities (Antivirus), Disk Defragmentation Utilities etc.
  • Qstn #7
    Explain the main role of data backup software.
    Ans : Backup software is used to make a copy of all the information stored on a disk and restore it when needed.
    An ideal data backup software provides functionalities beyond simple copying of data files. This software often supports user needs to specifying what is to be backed up and when.
  • Qstn #8
    What is the use of disk defragmenter?
    Ans : It can detect computer files, whose contents are broken across several locations on the hard disk and move these fragments in a particular location to increase storage efficiency. You can use disk defragmenter to rearrange files and unused space of your hard disk, so that programs run fast, e.g. MyDefrag, PerfectDisk, Diskeeper, Defraggler etc.
    You can start Disk Defragmentation process as follows:
    Click Start —> All Programs —> Accessories —> System Tools —> Disk Defragmenter.
  • Qstn #9
    What do you mean by debugging?
    Ans : The process of searching and correcting bugs (errors) in a program is called debugging and debugger is a program that is used as an aid to remove bugs from program. Bug in a small computer program causing a problem to crash the system or produce an invalid output.
  • Qstn #10
    What are the four steps in debugging?
    Ans : The four steps in debugging are as follows:
    1. Discovering of the bug
    2. Isolation of the bug
    3. Finding the bug
    4. Fixing the bug
  • Qstn #11
    What do you understand by network utilities? Write some cpmmands to start a network utility?
    Ans : Network utilities provide a way to check the connectivity of a network and log events while using the Internet, ipconfig, ping, spray etc., are some commands to start a network utility.
  • Qstn #12
    What is the use of network utility?
    Ans : Network utility analyses the computer’s network connectivity, configure network settings, check the data transfer or log events. It works for the router to check whether the network is connected or not and other technical issues.
  • Qstn #13
    Explain file manager.
    Ans : It is a software program that provides a user interface to work with file system. It helps a user to manage all the files on its computer system. All file managers allow the user to view, edit, copy and delete the files on its computer system, e.g. Nomad.net, Master Commander, Unreal Commander etc.
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