CBSE-IX-Science
15: 2-Work and Energy
- #Science Work and Energy part 2
- Qstn #1Look at the activities listed below. Reason out whether or not work is done in the light of your understanding of the term ‘work’.
• Suma is swimming in a pond.
• A donkey is carrying a load on its back.
• A wind-mill is lifting water from a well.
• A green plant is carrying out photosynthesis.
• An engine is pulling a train.
• Food grains are getting dried in the sun.
• A sailboat is moving due to wind energy.
Ans : Work will be done if a force acts on an object and displacement occurs in the direction of force. According to this explanation work is done in following activities:
• Suma is swimming in a pond.
• A donkey is carrying a load on its back.
• A wind-mill is lifting water from a well.
• An engine is pulling a train.
• A sailboat is moving due to wind energy.
- Qstn #2An object thrown at a certain angle to the ground moves in a curved path and falls back to the ground. The initial and the final points of the path of the object lie on the same horizontal line. What is the work done by the force of gravity on the object?Ans : For calculating work done there must be displacement but since in this example vertical displacement is zero (as initial and final points lie on the same horizontal line) so the work done by force of gravity is zero.
- Qstn #3A battery lights a bulb. Describe the energy changes involved in the process.Ans : Chemical energy of battery is changed into heat energy and light energy.
- Qstn #4Certain force acting on a 20 kg mass changes its velocity from y
to
. Calculate the work done by the force.Ans : Work done by the force = change in kinetic energy
= 210 J
- Qstn #5A mass of 10 kg is at a point A on a table. It is moved to a point B. If the line joining A and B is horizontal, what is the work done on the object by the gravitational force? Explain your answer.Ans : Since work done on the object by gravitational force depends upon change in the vertical height of the object. Vertical height of the object is not changing as the joining A and B is horizontal at the same height hence the work done is zero.
- Qstn #6The potential energy of a freely falling object decreases progressively. Does this violate the law of conservation of energy? Why?Ans : It doesn’t violate the law of conservation of energy because the potential energy of a freely falling object decreases progressively since it keeps changing into kinetic energy of the free falling object therefore the total energy to the object remains conserved.
- Qstn #7What are the various energy transformations that occur when you are riding a bicycle?Ans : It is the transformation of our muscular energy into mechanical energy to ride the bicycle.
- Qstn #8Does the transfer of energy take place when you push a huge rock with all you might and fail to move it? Where is the energy you spend going?Ans : While we push a huge rock with all our might(power) but fail to move it no energy transfer occurs as cellular energy simply wastes out in muscle contraction and relaxation even heat generation(sweating).
- Qstn #9A certain household has consumed 250 units of energy during a month. How much energy is this in joules?Ans : Energy consumed by a certain household = 250 kWh
since 1 kWh
therefore 250 kWh
- Qstn #10An object of mass 40 kg is raised to a height of 5 m above the ground. What is its potential energy? If the object is allowed to fall, find its kinetic energy when it is half way down.Ans : Potential energy
= 2000 J
When the object is half way down the height of the object is = 2.5 m
initial velocity (u) = 0 (thrown from ground/rest)
since
= 50
Kinetic energy
= 1000 J
- Qstn #11What is the work done by the force of gravity on a satellite moving round the earth? Justify your answer.Ans : The satellite is moving on a round path, displacement in the object is perpendicular to the direction of force.
0.
Therefore, work done is zero.
- Qstn #12Can there be displacement of an object in the absence of any force acting on it? Think. Discuss this question with your friends and teacher.Ans : No.
- Qstn #13A person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired. Has he done some work or not? Justify your answer.Ans : When a person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired he applies force in upward direction and displacement of bundle of hay is in forward direction which is perpendicular to the direction of force applied therefore displacement is zero
No work done.
- Qstn #14An electric heater is rated 1500 W. How much energy does it use in 10 hours?Ans : Electric heater’s power (p) = 1500 W = 1.5 kW
= 15 kWh