NEET-XII-Biology
14: Ecosystem
- #6Distinguish between (a) Grazing food chain and detritus food chain
(b) Production and decomposition
(c) Upright and inverted pyramid
(d) Food chain and food web
(e) Litter and detritus
(f) Primary and secondary productivityAns : (a) Grazing Food Chain (GFC) begins with primary producers or plants and ends in carnivores (tertiary or top carnivores) whereas Detritus Food Chain (DFC) begins with detritus or dead organic matter and it ends in carnivores. In GFC, energy for the food chain comes from sun whereas in DFC, energy for the food chain comes from organic remains or detritus.
(b) Production is the phenomenon in which the energy is produced by the process of synthesis of organic compound from inorganic substances (such as ``\ce{C02}``, ``\ce{H20}`` & minerals) utilizing generally the sunlight. It traps energy.
(c) In upright pyramid (e.g., grassland & cropland ecosystem), biomass or number of organisms or amount of energy decreases
(d) A food chain is a sequence of different types of organisms by which the flow of energy occurs from one trophic level to another whereas food web is the network of various food chains inter-connected to each other. Food webs increase adaptability and competitiveness of the organisms.
(e) Litter is the dead organic material fallen on the surface of the soil like leaves, remains of animals and excreta. Detritus is the dead organic matter found below the soil surface which is eaten up by the detritivores or broken down by decomposers.
(f) Primary productivity is the rate of synthesis of biomass or energy fixation by the plants. It is comparatively quite high.
- #6-aGrazing food chain and detritus food chainAns : Grazing Food Chain (GFC) begins with primary producers or plants and ends in carnivores (tertiary or top carnivores) whereas Detritus Food Chain (DFC) begins with detritus or dead organic matter and it ends in carnivores. In GFC, energy for the food chain comes from sun whereas in DFC, energy for the food chain comes from organic remains or detritus.
- #6-bProduction and decompositionAns : Production is the phenomenon in which the energy is produced by the process of synthesis of organic compound from inorganic substances (such as ``\ce{C02}``, ``\ce{H20}`` & minerals) utilizing generally the sunlight. It traps energy.
- #6-cUpright and inverted pyramidAns : In upright pyramid (e.g., grassland & cropland ecosystem), biomass or number of organisms or amount of energy decreases
- #6-dFood chain and food webAns : A food chain is a sequence of different types of organisms by which the flow of energy occurs from one trophic level to another whereas food web is the network of various food chains inter-connected to each other. Food webs increase adaptability and competitiveness of the organisms.
- #6-eLitter and detritusAns : Litter is the dead organic material fallen on the surface of the soil like leaves, remains of animals and excreta. Detritus is the dead organic matter found below the soil surface which is eaten up by the detritivores or broken down by decomposers.
- #6-fPrimary and secondary productivityAns : Primary productivity is the rate of synthesis of biomass or energy fixation by the plants. It is comparatively quite high.