ICSE-X-History
11: Independence and Partition of India
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- Qstn #11All parties accepted the Mountbatten Plan of 3rd June, 1947. In this context briefly explain the basis of the partition.Answer (i) India and Pakistan were to be set-up from 15th August, 1947 as two independent dominions. (ii) Pakistan was to comprise Sindh, British Baluchistan, North West Frontier Province, the West Punjab and East Bengal and the exact boundaries of these last two would be determined by a Boundary Commission set-up for this purpose only. (iii) Each of the two dominions shall be under a Governor-General, who will be appointed by His Majesty. Each will act as the Head of his dominion, India or Pakistan, as the case may be, and each would represent His Majesty. (iv) Each dominion shall have its own Legislature with complete powers to make laws for the dominion. No Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, nor any order in Council passed after 15th August, 1947, shall have any validity in either of the two dominions. (v) The Constituent Assembly of each dominion was to exercise the powers of the Central Legislature. (vi) Both the Governor-General of India and Pakistan shall be vested with full powers and authority necessary for enforcing the Indian Independence Act, 1947. (vii) The Secretary of State shall cease to have the power of appointing in future, any officer in the Civil Service. (viii) Provision was made for smooth division of the Armed Forces between the two dominions which would henceforth exercise authority over them.
- #Section : DPicture Based Questions
- #1-iIdentify the Viceroy in the picture.(ii) Why was he sent to India?Ans : Lord Mountbatten.
(ii) Lord Clement Atlee sent Lord Mountbatten as the Viceroy of India to resolve the communal violence in India. He was given powers to negotiate with the leaders of different communities and help the two major parties, that is, the Indian National Congress and The Muslim League to reach an agreement.
- #2-iIdentify the event in the above picture. Name the lady seen in the given picture.(ii) Mention the year when the event took place.Ans : The event in the given picture is the swearing in ceremony of Jawahar Lal Nehru as the Prime Minister of Independent India. The lady seen in the picture is Lady Mountbatten, the wife of Lord Mountbatten, the first Governor General of India.
(ii) The event took place in 1947.
- Qstn #3
In the above historic photograph, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru is seen giving his famous speech in the Constituent Assembly on August 14, 1947. In this context, mention the Provisions of the Indian Independence Act of 1947 regarding the Constituent Assemblies.Ans : The Constituent Assembly which was set up under the Cabinet Mission according to which there would be 385 members, of whom 292 would be representatives from the provinces and 93 would represent Indian states. They would frame the provincial constitutions for their groups and then would finally meet to frame the Union Constitution. The Muslim League initially accepted the proposal but later rejected it. The government drafted the Indian Independence Act (1947). According to this, India was to be divided into two dominions with their boundaries defined.
The provisions of the Constituent Assemblies in the Indian Independence Act were:
- The Constituent Assemblies would draft the Constitutions of the two Dominions separately and decide whether to stay with the Commonwealth or not.
- The Constituent Assembly of each dominion would exercise the power of Central Legislatures and would make laws for that dominion.