11: Independence And Partition Of India : Icse-x-history

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Qstn #26
What were the recommendations of the Cabinet Mission Plan regarding the Princely States?
Ans : The recommendations of the Cabinet Mission Plan regarding Princely States were that they would not be under the direct control of the Union and they would themselves decide as to what powers they would surrender.

Qstn #27
What was mentioned in the Cabinet Mission Plan regarding Provincial Autonomy?
Ans : The provinces would be free to form regional unions to which they would surrender some powers by mutual consent. There were to be three groups of provinces and each would have its separate Constitution and if any province wanted to opt out of the group after the first general election they could do so.

Qstn #28
What was the view of the Congress and the Muslim League on the grouping of the provinces as proposed in the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Ans : The Congress' view on the grouping of the provinces was that the provinces should have the option to join any group. The Muslim League was not prepared to compromise on the compulsory grouping of the provinces.

Qstn #29
Why did the Congress reject the League's claim of having the exclusive right for nominating members of the Muslim quota in the Interim Government?
Ans : The Congress rejected the League's claim of having the exclusive right for nominating members of the Muslim Quota in the interim Government because it did not want to accept an artificial party with the Muslim League in the formation of a National Government.

Qstn #30
What was the basis of Jinnah's two nation theory?
Ans : Jinnah in his presidential address at Lahore session declared that Hindus and Muslims belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. If these two communities live in one nation, it will be disastrous.

Qstn #31
What was the purpose of the Cabinet Mission?
Ans : The main purpose of the Cabinet Mission was to bring a settlement between the league and the congress for speedy transfer of power from British to Indian hands.

Qstn #33
Give the reasons for the Muslim League's acceptance and later rejection of the Cabinet Mission plan.
Ans : The League was accepted it in its entirety on June 6, 1946, because it felt that the grouping of Muslim majority provinces in a way meant the formation of Pakistan. The league asked Wavell, the Viceroy, to constitute an Interim Government. Election to the Constituent Assembly were held in July 1946, in which the Congress obtained two-third majority. The Congress had an overwhelming majority in the Constituent Assembly. The League feared that it would be out voted in the Assembly. It also feared that the British withdrawal from India would mean transfer of power to the Hindus, who were in a majority in India. Thus, the league the cabinet mission plan.

Qstn #34
Why the Sikhs opposed the Cabinet Mission Proposal?
Ans : The Cabinet Mission proposed a federal union with three tiers: the provinces, the regional groups of provinces and a union centre. The Sikhs opposed the Cabinet Mission plan because Punjab was placed in Group B along with Muslim majority provinces of NWFP and Sindh. They felt the Muslim League would play a dominant role in that region.

Qstn #35
Why the Muslim League earlier rejected and later participated in the Interim Government.
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Ans : Jinnah wrote to the Viceroy informing him that the Muslim League had decided to join the Interim Government and changed its previous stand. Accordingly, on the representatives of the League were also inducted into the Government under Jawaharlal Nehru. But very soon there were arguments regarding the interpretations of the Cabinet Missions Plan. This resulted in the Muslim League creating an unpleasant situation. At this stage the Muslim League joined the Interim Government but did not join the Constituent Assembly.

Qstn #36
The Muslim League decided to observe the Direct Action Day on 16th August, 1946. In this context briefly discuss about its result.
Ans : The League fixed August 16, 1946 as the day for observing the Direct Action Day throughout the country. There were clashes and communal riots all over the country. Nearly 5,000 lives were lost, over 15,000 persons were injured and many became homeless. Property worth crores of rupees was destroyed. All these incidents widened the gap between the Muslim League and the Congress and even between the Hindus and the Muslims.

Qstn #37
By pursuing Direct Action Plan, the Muslim League resorted to violent activities. Discuss.
Ans : The communal violence that erupted as a result of 'Direct Action Day' was the worst of its kind ever seen in the history of India. Muslims organised demonstrations, strikes and processions. The city of Calcutta witnessed riots and scenes of barbarity of worst kind. Over 5000 people died in violence and three times this number were wounded besides loss of property. The communal violence later also spread to Noakhali, some parts of Bihar and even Punjab.

Qstn #38
What did congress leaders do when the Muslim League resorted to violent activities after pursuing Direct Action plan? How worst was the communal violence?
Ans : The Congress leaders like Gandhiji went on foot from place to place in Noakhali. He even undertook 24 hour fast on the very night when transfer of power took place. Jawaharlal Nehru even though busy in Delhi with transfer of power, took time off and went to Bihar to personally supervise the actions of the Congress ministry in Bihar. Other Congress leaders were also there but the Chief Minister Mr. Suhrawardy in Bengal did nothing to check communal violence. Some Government officials even supported the perpetrators of violence.

Qstn #1
With regards to the conflict between Congress and Muslim League, explain.