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ICSE-X-History

08: Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement

with Solutions - page 2

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  • Qstn #13
    Why did Gandhiji welcome the Khilafat Movement?
    Ans : Gandhi welcomed the Khilafat Movement because he saw the movement as an opportunity to cement Hindu-Muslim unity.
  • Qstn #14
    How did the Khilafat Movement come to an end?
    Ans : The Khilafat Movement came to an end when Mustafa Kamal Pasha dethroned the Turkish Sultan and declared Turkey a secular republic.
  • Qstn #15
    Why is the Khilafat Movement significant in the history of the National Movement?
    Ans : Khilafat Movement is significant in the history of the National Movement because it contained vast possibilities of achieving Hindu-Muslim unity and of putting up a joint front against British Imperialism.
  • Qstn #16
    When was the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhi?
    Ans : Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement was accepted at the special session of the Congress held in Calcutta on 4th September 1920.
  • Qstn #17
    When did the Congress decide to start the Non-Cooperation Movement? Who was the leader of this movement?
    Ans : Congress decided to start the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920. Gandhiji was the leader of that movement.
  • Qstn #18
    When and where was the resolution to start the Non-Cooperation Movement launched?
    Ans : The resolution to start the Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in the Nagpur session of the congress on August 15, 1920.
  • Qstn #19
    What do you understand by the term Non-Cooperation?
    Ans : For the smooth functioning of any government, the willing co-operation of the people is essential. The strategy of not extending such co-operation to the government for the goodwill of the people of the country is Non-Cooperation movement.
  • Qstn #20
    Mention one item each of the positive and negative programme of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
    Ans : (i) Positive Programme- Hindu-Muslim Unity.
    (ii) Negative Programme- Boycott of British goods.
  • Qstn #21
    Name two important methods adopted by Gandhiji in the freedom struggle.
    Ans : Satyagraha and Non-Cooperation.
  • Qstn #22
    What was the full name of the Swaraj Party?
    Ans : The full name of the party was "Congress Khilafat Swaraj Party".
  • #
    Section : B
    Short Answer Type
  • Qstn #1
    Describe civil rights movement lanuched by Gandhiji in South Africa?
    Ans : (i) From 1893 to 1914, Gandhiji practiced Law in South Africa.
    (ii) Gandhi faced racial discrimination directed at Indians.
    (iii) He founded the Natal Indian Congress in 1894 and suffered imprisonment.
    (iv) In 1906, the Transvaal government promulgated an Asiatic law compelling registration of the colony's Indian population.
    (v) Gandhi adopted his methodology of satyagraha (devotion to the truth), or non-violent protest.
    (vi) In 1914, the authorities had to abolish three pound poll tax which Indians had to pay. Two cities i.e., Transvaal and Natal were opened to all Indians who wanted to settle there as free workers.
  • Qstn #2
    State the three early Satyagrahas led by Mahatma Gandhi.
    Ans : (i) Champaran Satyagraha (1917): It was Gandhiji's first satyagraha in India to protect the indigo cultivators of Champaran (Bihar) against the exploitative system of Tin Kathia' (bound to grow indgo on 3/20th of their land).
    (ii) Kheda Satyagraha (Gujarat) (1918): Gandhiji led the satyagraha to provide relief to farmers from paying rent due to crop failure. Sardar Patel became a follower of Gandhi.
    (iii) Ahmedabad Satyagraha (1918): He led a mill workers strike to demand higher wages. It succeeded in increasing their wages by 35%.
  • Qstn #3
    Which Act is referred as Black Act? Why?
    Ans : Rowlatt Act: On April 6, 1919, a nation wide hartal against the Act was observed. The Rowlatt Act was passed by the British government in March 1919. To control the public unrest the police could search a place and arrest any person without warrant, wherein the right of Habeas Corpus was suspended. It legalized trials of political offenders by judges in seclusion. Banned demonstrations and meetings. Gandhi described the Rowlatt Act as 'destructive to the elementary rights of an individual'. He called upon the people to do Satyagraha, i.e., to disobey the law without resorting to violence. It was referred as Black Act.
  • Qstn #4
    What was the Jallianwala Bagh Incident? When did it take place?
    Ans : The police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession of people who were demanding the release of two popular leaders of the Indian Independence Movement, Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, who had been earlier arrested on account of their protests. General Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds. His object, as he declared later, was to 'produce a moral effect', to create in the minds of the satyagrahis, a feeling of terror and awe.
    Jallianwala Bagh Incident occured on April 13, 1919.
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