04: Second Phase Of The Indian National Movement : Icse-x-history

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Qstn #12
Mention any two principles of the Aggressive Nationalists.
Ans : (i) Freedom is the birth right of every Indian. (ii) Supported the swadeshi goods against the use of imported goods.

Qstn #13
What was Swadeshi and Boycott of Foreign goods movements?
Ans : Movement involved Boycott of foreign made goods, particularly cloth and the use of Swadeshi or home made goods.

Qstn #14
What was the National Education Scheme Movement?
Ans : The radicals desired that a National Scheme of Education be put in place to replace the Government controlled schools, colleges and universities.

Qstn #1
Who were Assertive Nationalists? Who were they so called?
Ans : The period from 1905 to 1918 was marked by the emergence of a new group of leaders within the Congress known as Assertive Nationalists. They stood for complete Swaraj and encourage aggressive methods in politics such as boycott of British goods, Government Services and title to achieve their aim. They were so called because they had a Assertive outlook that advocated active resistance to British imperialism.

Qstn #2
Name three prominent Assertive Nationalist leaders. What was the aim of the Assertive Nationalists as far as the national movement was concerned?
Ans : (i) Bal Gangadhar Tilak, (ii) Bipin Chandra Pal(iii) Lala Lajpat Rai.
The main aim of the Assertive Nationalist was to get a larger share for Indians in the administration of their country and to end Britain's economic exploitation of India.

Qstn #3
How did the Assertive Nationalists expand the social base of the national movement?
Ans : The Assertive Nationalists believe that the objectives could not be realised without pressure, tactics and some direct action. So, they adopted the policy of non-cooperation. They adopted various non-cooperative methods like Swadeshi and Boycott.

Qstn #4
What were the two methods adopted by the Assertive Nationalists in the freedom struggle?
Ans : The aggressive nationalists had four planks of the programme namely; Revivalism, Swadeshi, Boycott and National Education.
(i) Revivalism. The extremists sought to build national movement on the basis of people's religious belief. Thus, Tilak revived the Shivaji festival in 1895 and presented Rana Pratap, Shivaji as national heroes.(ii) Swadeshi. The concept of Swadeshi was based on the use of home-made products so as to encourage, Indian industries and provide the people with more opportunities for work and employment(iii) Boycott. Boycott meant boycott of British goods along with government service, honours and titles.(iv) National Education. New educational institutions were to be opened to give both Religious as well as Political education. National education also included secular, moral and vocational education.

Qstn #5
Mention any one reason for the rise of Assertive Nationalism. Why the educated Indians turned against the British.
Ans : The failure of the Early Nationalists to get anything substantial from the British government. The educated Indians turned against the British because they became unemployed and were not appointed to high post. This created a feeling of frustration among them.

Qstn #6
List any two international events that shattered the myth of European superiority.
Ans : Italy's defeat in Ethiopia in 1896 and Japan's victory over Rus in 1905, shattered the myth of European superiority.

Qstn #7
Mention any two measures that show that Lord Curzon's policies were repressive.
Ans : (i) The Calcutta Corporation Act of 1899(ii) The Universities Act of 1904

Qstn #8
Who is known as the 'Father of Assertive Nationalism? To which state did he belong?
Ans : Bal Gangadhar Tilak is known as the 'Father of Assertive Nationalism'. He was born in a Maratha family at Ratnagiri in Maharashtra.

Qstn #9
Name the two books written by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Ans : (i) Gita Rahasya (ii) Arctic home in the Vedas

Qstn #10
What efforts did Tilak make to instil the spirit of nationalism in Indians?
Ans : Tilak organised many akharas and lathi clubs where physical training was imparted.

Qstn #11
When and why did Tilak leave the Indian National Congress in India? AnswerIn Surat Session of the Congress in 1907, there was a split in the Congress and Tilak left the Indian National Congress. He was convinced that political rights could be achieved by aggressively demanding them.