01: First War Of Independence, 1857 : Icse-x-history

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Qstn #1
Why was the 'war of 1857' hailed as the first war of National Independence ?
Ans : People of different castes, communities and religions of India came together for the first time and fought for independence, against the British.

Qstn #2
Name the policy used by Lord Dalhousie for the extension of British territories in India.
Ans : Lord Dalhousie used Doctrine of Lapse for the extension of British territories in India.

Qstn #3
What is meant by 'Doctrine of Lapse' ?
Ans : This was a policy of annexation which was followed by Lord Dalhousie. The Doctrine meant that when a ruler of a dependent state died without a natural heir the governance of the state is passed on to the English Company.

Qstn #4
Under what pretext was Oudh annexed to the Company's dominion ?
Ans : Oudh was annexed to the company's dominion on the ground that it was not being governed properly.

Qstn #5
What happened to the Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, after the Revolt of 1857 ?
Ans : He was deported to Rangoon where he died in 1862.

Qstn #6
Name two famous Indian leaders of the revolt of 1857.
Ans : Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi and Nana Sahib.

Qstn #7
Under what pretext was Oudh annexed to the Company’s dominion?
Ans : Oudh was not governed properly.

Qstn #8
Why was the ‘war of 1857’ hailed as the first war of National Independence?
Ans : People of different castes, communities and religions came together for the first time and fought for independence.

Qstn #9
Name the policy used by Lord Dalhousie for the extension of British territories in India.
Ans : Doctrine of Lapse.

Qstn #10
The Act of 1858 ended the East India Company’s rule and the Government of India was transferred to the British Queen. Who became the first Viceroy under this Act?
Or
Who was the first Viceroy of India?
Ans : Lord Canning.

Qstn #11
What is meant by ‘Doctrine of Lapse’?
Ans : This was a policy of annexation followed by Lord Dalhousie. The Doctrine meant that when a ruler of a dependent state died without a natural heir, the state is passed on to the English - Company.

Qstn #12
State any two political causes responsible for the First War of Independence.
Ans : Two of the important political causes responsible for the First War of Independence were:
(i) The British policy of annexation of kingdoms under the pretext of inefficient administration of the rulers.
(ii) The Doctrine of Lapse introduced by Lord Dalhousie that imposed unsentimental law of 'no adoption policy' for rulers and the lapse of kingdom into the hands of the British in the absence of natural heir.

Qstn #13
Why did the 'Doctrine of Lapse' become a political cause for the result of 1857?
Ans : According to the 'Doctrine of Lapse' if a king died without an heir to the throne, his adopted son could not succeed him. This caused a lot of discontentment amongst the Indians.