19: Preventive Measures : Icse-ix-geography

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ICSE-IX-Geography

19: Preventive Measures

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Section : I
Short Answer Questions

Qstn #1
State two negative effects of vehicular emissions.
Ans : Vehicular emissions have two negative effects on the environment : One is global climate change and the other is air pollution and its negative health repercussions.

Qstn #2
Name any two gases emitted by vehicular emissions.
Ans : Carbon monoxide (CO) and a large share of the hydrocarbonx (HC), nitrogen oxides (NO_x).

Qstn #3
What is meant by carpooling ?
Ans : Carpooling refers to the sharing of car journeys by persons travelling on the same route.

Qstn #4
Name any three modes of public transport used in India.
Ans : Buses, trams, passenger trains and metro rails.

Qstn #5
What is a ‘No Smoking Zone’ ?
Ans : Smoking does not just harm the smoker but also the people nearby, who breathe in the smoke exhaled by the smokers and are called ‘passive smokers’. Recent research has shown that concentration of second-hand tobacoo smoke (the smoke exhaled by smokers) in many outdoor areas is often as high or higher than in some indoor areas and the risks posed by such outdoor exposure are well beyond generally ecceptd norms when large numbers of people are involuntarily exposed. Therefore, the passive smokers or those who unavoidably breathe in second-hand tabacoo at public places have such as lung cancer, asthma, bronchitis and sudden infant death syndrome in children.
To save such passive smokers and discourage smokers from the ill effect of the smoking in public places ‘No Smoking Zone’ has been created.

Qstn #6
What are Fossil Fuels ?
Ans : Fossil fuels refer to buried, combustible deposits of organic materials, formed from decayed plants and animals that have been converted to crude oil, coal and natural gas by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth’s crust over hundreds of millions of years.

Qstn #7
State why should we use fossil fuels judiciously.
Ans : Fossil fuels are non-renewable source of energy. As a result of growing demand fossil fuels are being depleted at a rate of 100,000 times faster than they are being formed. At the present rate of usage, the coal reserves are likely to last for about 200 years. Similarly, at the present rate of usage, the world’s crude oil reserves would be exhausted in just 50 years. These resources are non-renewable and take millions of years to form. It is essential, therefore, to reduce dependence on such energy resources and explore and exploit the enormous potential of alternative sources of energy like solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and biomass based energy. They are not only renewable sources of energy but are environmentally clean and safe to use.

Qstn #8
State any three measures to save energy.
Ans :
Use extra blankets and sweaters instead of using room heaters. Likewise, in summer, dress in light, cotton clothes to save on air conditioning costs and energy.

Make sure that the houses are well insulated and, if heated or cooled, windows or doors are not left open. Raise shades on winter days, lower them in the summer. Seal all leaks. Block windows and doors with weather-strip tape and install blinds to reduce outside heat transfer.

Use a low-flow shower head, to reduce water consumption and energy usage to heat the water.

Qstn #9
What is Organic Farming ?
Ans : According to Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) “Organic agriculture is a unique production management system which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity, and this is accomplished by using on-farm agronomic, biological and mechanical methods in exclusion of all synthetic off-farm inputs”

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Section : II
Long Answer Questions

Qstn #1
With reference to vehicular pollution in cities, state the significance of the following as a preventive measure.
i. Carpool
ii. Public Transportation
Ans :
i. Significance of Carpool:

It reduces air pollution by reducing the number of vehicles on the road and thereby, cutting down the vehicular emissions.
It helps to save money in buying fuel and maintenance cost of cars.
It helps to save petrol and diesel and thereby, save foreign exchange that goes into buying these fuels.
It reduces traffic congestion on the roads and thereby prevents traffic jams, reduces fuel consumption and commuting time and the cost of road repairs.
It helps to use commuting time in useful pursuits.

ii. Significance of Public Transportation:

It reduces damage to the environment by reducing emissions. For example, one bus emits far fewer fumes than 20 cars.
It requires 1/5 th energy per passenger per km compared to road based transport system. It therefore, reduces fuel consumption and thus helps to save foreign exchange used in buying petrol and diesel.
It causes less noise, no air pollution and is eco-friendly transport system.
It helps to save money spent on maintenance of personal vehicles. It avoids the need to find parking space for private vehicles. Thus, reduces congestion on roads.

Qstn #2
With reference to smoking, answer the following :

#2-1
How does smoking harm passive smokers ?
Name any two legal provision meant to deter smoking.
-3. State any three advantages of having a ‘No Smoking Zone’.
Ans :
Smoking does not just harm the smoker but also the people nearby, who breathe in the smoke exhaled by the smokers and are called passive smokers. Recent research has shown that concentration of second hand tobacco smoke in many outdoor areas is often as high or higher than in some indoor areas such outdoor exposure are well beyond generally are involuntarily exposed. Therefore, the passive smokers or those who unavoidably breathe in second-hand tobacco at public places have such as lung cancer, asthma, bronchitis and sudden infant death syndrome in children.

As a preventive measure, a mandatory specific statutory health warning on cigarette packs was introduced in 1975. Realising the seriousness of the problem.
Smoking in public places was prohibited nationwide from October 2 under the Prohibition of smoking in Public Places Rules 2008. The smoking ban pertains to public places, which include auditoriums, cinemas, hospitals, public transport (aircraft, buses, trains, metros, taxis) and their related facilities (airports, bus stands, railway stations), restaurants, hotels, bars, pubs, amusement centers, offices, libraries, courts, post offices, markets, shopping malls, canteens, educational institutions and parks.

-3. Advantages of No Smoking Zone are the following :

It reduces the possibility of second-hand tobacco smoke being inhaled by non smokers.
It reduces air pollution. Areas which have prohibited smoking have been found to have better indoor air quality as opposed to areas where smoking is allowed.
It reduces healthcare costs by reducing the chances of diseases caused by smoking.
It reduces the chances of influencing others, especially the youth, to take on the habit of smoking.