05: Landforms Of The Earth : Icse-ix-geography

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Qstn #1
What is meant by a landform ?
Ans : A landform is a natural feature on the surface of the earth with a particular shape.

Qstn #2
Why are the fold mountains called so ?
Ans : Fold mountains are called so because of the result of large- scale earth movements caused by stresses in the earth’s crust. Such stresses may be caused by weight of the overlying rocks, movements in the mantle, the expansion or contraction of some part of the earth, etc. These stresses subject the rocks to compressive forces, producing wrinkling or folding along the lines of weakness. This is shown in fig. the raising of folds makes the fold mountains.

Qstn #3
Give two chief characteristics of the fold mountains.
Ans :
The fold mountain system has parallel ranges.
A fold mountain region is also a region of sudden forces such as of volcanoes and earthquakes.

#4-a
Young fold mountains;
Ans : These mountains are made of light sedimentary rocks of recent tertiary age and are the highest mountain system which are still increasing their heights due to gradual upthrust force. The Himalayas are called young fold mountains.

#4-b
Old fold mountain. Why they are called so
Ans : The Alpine-Himalayan system and Circum Parific mountain belt are the ‘Old Fold Mountains’ which existed as geosynclines 50-60 million years ago.

Qstn #5
Give example of residual mountains.
Ans : Examples of Residual mountains are Nilgiri, Parasnath and Rajmahal Hills in India and the Catskill range in the USA.

Qstn #6
How is a rift valley formed ? Give one example of a rift valley.
Ans : A rift valley is formed by the submergence of a big landmass between two high block mountains, e.g. the Rhine river flows through a rift valley in its middle course.

Qstn #7
Give a brief definition of a plateau.
Ans : The Himalayas are an important form of folding being the highest mountain range in the world.