ICSE-X-Biology
07: The Excretory System
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- #9-dContains more urea
Glomerulus
Ans : Contains more urea
Renal artery
- Qstn #10In a nephron, the .......... flows through the .......... under great pressure. The reason for this great pressure is that the ......... (outgoing) ........... is narrower than the ...... (incoming). This high pressure causes the........ part of the blood to filter out from the .......... into the renal capsule.Ans : In a nephron, the blood flows through the glomerulus under great pressure. The reason for this great pressure is that the efferent (outgoing) arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole (incoming). This high pressure causes the liquid part of the blood to filter out from the glomerulus into the renal capsule.D. Long Answer Type
- #Section : D
- #1-aUltrafiltrationAns : Ultrafiltration: The process of the filtration of blood in the glomerulus under great pressure during which the liquid part of the blood i.e. plasma along with urea, glucose, amino acids and other substances enter the renal tubule.
- #1-bMicturitionAns : Micturition: The process of expelling urine out of the body through urethra by opening the sphincter muscles passing of urine involving relaxation of sphincter muscles between the urinary bladder and urethra.
- #1-cRenal pelvisAns : Renal pelvis: Renal pelvis is the expanded front end of the ureters into the kidney.
- #1-dureaAns : Urea: A nitrogenous waste produced primarily in the liver due to the break down dead
protein remains and extra amino acids.
- #1-eOsmoregulationAns : Osmoregulation: It is a process of maintaining the blood composition of the body i.e. the normal osmotic concentration of water and salts in the body.
- Qstn #2Explain the terms ultrafiltration and selective absorptionAns : Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration involves filtration of the blood which takes place in the glomerulus. The blood containing urea from the afferent arteriole enters the glomerulus under high pressure. The high pressure is created because the efferent arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole. The high pressure causes the liquid part of the blood to filter out from the glomerulus into the renal tubule. This filtrate is known as 'glomerular filtrate'.
Glomerular filtrate consists of water, urea, salts, glucose and other plasma solutes. Blood corpuscles, proteins and other large molecules remain behind in the glomerulus. Therefore the blood which is carried away by the efferent arteriole is relatively thick.
Selective absorption
The Glomerular filtrate entering the renal tubule contains a lot of usable materials such as glucose and sodium. As this filtrate passes down the renal tubule, a lot of water along with these usable materials is reabsorbed. Such reabsorption is called 'selective absorption'. The reabsorption occurs only to the extent that the normal concentration of the blood is undisturbed.
- Qstn #3What is dialysis? Under what condition is it carried out?Ans : Dialysis involves the use of artificial kidney or a dialysis machine. The patient's blood is from the radial artery is led through the machine where excess salts and urea is removed. The purified blood is then returned to a vein in the same arm. Dialysis is carried out in case of failure of both the kidneys. In case there is a permanent damage, then the dialysis is to be repeated for about 12 hours twice a week.E. Structured/Application/Skill Type
- #Section : E
- #1-aIs it the left kidney or the right one? Give reason in support of your answer.Ans : The image shown can be left or right kidney. As the right kidney is slightly lower than the left one, so we need to have the images of both the kidneys for comparison.
- #1-bIs it a longitudinal section or a cross-section?Ans : It is a longitudinal section of the kidney.